Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier

Hydrogen energy storage leverages excess electricity—often from renewable sources like wind or solar—to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen through a process called electrolysis. The produced hydrogen gas is then stored and can be converted back into electricity using fuel cells or burned in turbines when energy demand rises.

High Energy Density: Hydrogen has a high gravimetric energy density, making it suitable for long-duration and large-scale energy storage.

Versatility: Beyond electricity generation, stored hydrogen can be used in transportation, heating, and industrial processes, enabling cross-sector energy integration.

Renewable Integration: Facilitates the absorption of surplus renewable energy, reducing curtailment and enhancing grid flexibility.

Efficiency Losses: The round-trip efficiency—from electricity to hydrogen and back—is relatively low due to energy losses during electrolysis and reconversion.

Infrastructure Needs: Requires substantial investment in production facilities, storage tanks, pipelines, and refueling stations.

Safety Concerns: Hydrogen is highly flammable and requires careful handling and advanced materials to prevent leaks and ensure safe storage and transport.